The cybersecurity landscape is more challenging and risky than ever for Chief Information Security Officers (CISOs). According to a recent survey by ransomware prevention vendor BlackFog, 70% of CISOs expressed that “stories of CISOs being held personally liable for cybersecurity incidents has negatively affected their opinion of the role.” This alarming statistic underscores a critical issue in the field: the increasing personal liability tied to cybersecurity failures and breaches is not only impacting current CISOs but also deterring potential candidates from pursuing these vital roles.
Mounting Pressure and Heightened Scrutiny
The CISO position has always been demanding, requiring a unique balance of technical expertise, strategic thinking, and leadership skills. However, the stakes have risen considerably in recent years due to evolving regulatory requirements and a growing public awareness of cybersecurity risks. High-profile cases, such as those involving Uber and SolarWinds, have shed light on the legal and professional consequences CISOs can face in the wake of a cybersecurity incident.
In the case of Uber, its former security chief faced criminal charges for failing to disclose a breach to regulators promptly. Similarly, the SolarWinds cyberattack demonstrated how systemic vulnerabilities could lead to widespread repercussions, with security leaders inevitably finding themselves in the crosshairs. These examples serve as cautionary tales, illustrating the significant personal and professional risks that accompany the role of a CISO.
Adding to these pressures are regulatory frameworks like the SEC’s breach disclosure rules, which require organizations to report cyber incidents promptly and accurately. While these regulations aim to enhance transparency and accountability, they also place CISOs in a precarious position. A CISO could find themselves in a legal bind, caught between the board’s decisions and regulatory compliance, with their reputation and livelihood hanging in the balance.
Responsibility Without Authority
A fundamental challenge contributing to the dissatisfaction among CISOs is the disconnect between their responsibilities and the authority they wield. Many CISOs report feeling like they are held accountable for cybersecurity outcomes without having the necessary power to enforce decisions. As Fritz Jean-Louis, a cybersecurity advisor at Info-Tech Research Group, aptly noted, “CISOs are being held accountable for a series of security controls, but the decisions are actually being made by committee.”
This lack of alignment creates a frustrating dynamic where CISOs must influence outcomes without direct control, often having to defend their strategies to boards and executives who may prioritize cost savings over security. This disconnect exacerbates the perception of unfairness and heightens the personal risks associated with the role.
The Talent Drain in Cybersecurity Leadership
The growing dissatisfaction and heightened scrutiny are driving some CISOs to exit the field altogether. Jeff Pollard, a VP and principal analyst at Forrester, has observed a trend of top CISO talent opting for alternative career paths. Many find opportunities in the vendor space, where roles like security evangelists or business leaders offer better compensation and significantly lower personal risk.
This exodus of experienced security leaders is concerning, especially given the increasing demand for skilled CISOs to navigate the complex threat landscape. Without meaningful changes to how organizations support and protect their cybersecurity leaders, the talent gap in this critical area is likely to widen further.
Given this challenging backdrop, it’s clear that CISOs need to proactively safeguard themselves against the risks inherent in their roles. While the burden of addressing these challenges also lies with organizations and regulatory bodies, CISOs can take specific steps to protect their personal and professional interests
Here, we provide actionable insights and strategies for CISOs to navigate the complexities of their roles while mitigating the risk of personal liability. From negotiating contractual protections to fostering better alignment with their organizations, these steps can empower CISOs to manage their responsibilities confidently and effectively.
As organizations continue to rely on cybersecurity leaders to protect their critical assets and reputation, the need for systemic changes is apparent. Boards and executives must recognize the unique challenges CISOs face and take meaningful steps to provide the resources and authority necessary to succeed. Simultaneously, CISOs must prioritize their safety and professional well-being, ensuring they have the protections in place to perform their duties without fear of undue personal consequences.
The Growing Threat of Personal Liability
Legal Landscape: The Regulatory Squeeze
Amid the rising frequency and impact of cyberattacks, regulatory bodies have implemented stricter rules to enhance accountability and transparency in how organizations manage cybersecurity incidents. One notable regulation is the SEC’s breach disclosure rule, which requires companies to promptly report material cybersecurity incidents and provide detailed information on their impact and remediation efforts. While these rules aim to protect investors and the public, they have inadvertently placed a significant burden on CISOs.
The SEC’s requirements create a legal obligation for CISOs to ensure their organization’s cybersecurity posture aligns with disclosure expectations. However, if an organization fails to comply due to insufficient resources, executive interference, or simple oversight, the CISO often finds themselves bearing the brunt of the blame. The regulatory landscape has become a double-edged sword: while pushing organizations toward improved transparency, it simultaneously increases the personal risk for cybersecurity leaders.
Additionally, global regulations like Europe’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) have amplified the stakes. Penalties for non-compliance can be severe, and CISOs are frequently in the spotlight when breaches occur. Even when systemic issues or inadequate support contribute to the problem, the perception persists that the CISO should have prevented the incident.
Responsibility Without Authority
One of the most pervasive challenges for CISOs is the misalignment between their responsibilities and the authority they are given. While a CISO is tasked with safeguarding an organization’s digital assets, their ability to implement necessary changes often hinges on approval from executives or boards who may prioritize other business concerns.
This dynamic frequently leaves CISOs in a precarious position. They are held accountable for cybersecurity failures, but their recommendations on matters such as increasing budgets, deploying advanced security tools, or enforcing stricter protocols are often overridden. As Fritz Jean-Louis from Info-Tech Research Group put it, “CISOs are being held accountable for a series of security controls, but the decisions are actually being made by committee.”
For many CISOs, this lack of direct control not only hampers their ability to do their jobs effectively but also creates a sense of unfairness. If their advice is ignored or underfunded, how can they reasonably be expected to take full responsibility for outcomes? This disconnect is a significant source of frustration and contributes to the perception that the role is untenable in its current form.
Impact on the CISO Role
The increasing scrutiny and risk of personal liability are taking a toll on the cybersecurity profession. Many experienced CISOs are opting out of these high-pressure roles, seeking opportunities that offer better work-life balance, higher compensation, and less personal risk.
Jeff Pollard, a VP and principal analyst at Forrester, has observed this trend firsthand. According to Pollard, “The CISO role was already thankless prior to these changes. And plenty of vendors exist out there that will gladly add a former operating CISO to their teams as an evangelist, thought leader, or even line of business leader. And those jobs are often better compensated than a traditional CISO role.”
This talent exodus poses a significant challenge for organizations. As the supply of skilled cybersecurity leaders diminishes, businesses may struggle to find qualified candidates willing to take on the CISO role. Without experienced leadership, the organization’s cybersecurity posture could weaken, increasing the risk of breaches and regulatory penalties.
The Importance of Personal Liability Protections
Why It Matters
The risks of personal liability for CISOs extend beyond professional repercussions; they can also have severe financial and legal consequences. When a breach occurs, CISOs are often scapegoated as the face of failure, regardless of whether they had the authority to prevent the incident. This practice of assigning blame to a single individual is not only unjust but also counterproductive, as it discourages talented professionals from pursuing or remaining in CISO roles.
In addition to potential lawsuits and fines, CISOs risk damage to their professional reputation, which can hinder future career opportunities. The financial toll of defending against legal claims or paying settlements can be overwhelming, especially if the organization does not provide adequate indemnification or insurance coverage.
Real-World Examples
Several high-profile cases illustrate the dangers of personal liability for CISOs. In 2022, the former chief security officer of Uber was convicted for failing to disclose a significant data breach. Despite the complex circumstances surrounding the incident, the CISO was held individually accountable, setting a troubling precedent for the industry.
Another example is the fallout from the SolarWinds cyberattack. Although the breach resulted from a sophisticated supply chain attack, security leaders within the company faced intense scrutiny and criticism. These cases highlight how CISOs can become scapegoats even when the root causes of incidents are systemic or outside their control.
Shifting Dynamics
The growing threat of personal liability is forcing organizations to reevaluate how they approach cybersecurity leadership. While boards are beginning to take cybersecurity more seriously — with 41% of respondents in the BlackFog survey noting that increased scrutiny has improved board engagement — this shift has not always translated into meaningful action.
Despite the heightened awareness, only 10% of respondents in the same survey reported that their organizations had allocated additional resources to cybersecurity. This disconnect between intent and action leaves CISOs in a difficult position, as they are expected to deliver results without the necessary tools and support.
Moreover, the lack of alignment between boards and CISOs on risk appetite further complicates matters. Many boards fail to recognize the operational and financial investments required to mitigate cybersecurity risks effectively. This mismatch creates unrealistic expectations and increases the likelihood of CISOs being blamed for incidents that result from inadequate resources or conflicting priorities.
The challenges facing CISOs are clear, but so are the solutions. In the next section, we will explore seven actionable ways CISOs can protect themselves from personal liability while continuing to fulfill their professional responsibilities. These strategies range from negotiating contractual protections to fostering better alignment with boards, ensuring that CISOs are empowered to lead with confidence.
Top 7 Ways CISOs Can Protect Themselves
1. Push for Explicit Indemnification in Contracts
Cybersecurity incidents can lead to regulatory fines, lawsuits, and reputational damage, all of which might result in legal and financial consequences for Chief Information Security Officers (CISOs). Explicit indemnification clauses in employment contracts offer CISOs a critical layer of protection against personal liability. These clauses ensure the organization covers costs associated with fines, penalties, legal fees, and settlements related to the CISO’s professional duties.
Why Indemnification Matters
Without indemnification, CISOs are vulnerable to significant financial risks. Regulators or litigants may target them as scapegoats in high-profile breaches, particularly if decisions they were overruled on contributed to the incident.
For example, in the aftermath of the 2016 Uber data breach, the company’s former Chief Security Officer (CSO) was charged with concealing the breach. Although the incident wasn’t solely the CSO’s fault, the legal proceedings demonstrated the personal risks cybersecurity leaders face when their actions—or perceived inaction—are scrutinized.
Key Elements of Indemnification Clauses
To protect themselves, CISOs should ensure the following are explicitly included in their indemnification clauses:
- Comprehensive Coverage: The clause should cover legal fees, regulatory fines, penalties, and settlements.
- Independent Legal Counsel: The organization should agree to pay for legal counsel that represents the CISO’s interests, especially in cases where the company’s priorities differ.
- Post-Tenure Protections: Liabilities often arise long after a CISO leaves an organization. The indemnification clause should extend coverage to events tied to their tenure.
Practical Example
Consider a hypothetical scenario involving a CISO at a large financial institution. Despite repeated warnings about outdated security protocols, senior leadership delayed approving necessary upgrades. When a breach occurred, regulators targeted the CISO, alleging negligence. The indemnification clause in their contract ensured the company covered the costs of a skilled, independent defense team, allowing the CISO to avoid personal financial ruin.
Negotiating Indemnification Clauses
Negotiating these protections requires strategic preparation. CISOs should:
- Work with legal professionals experienced in executive contracts.
- Use case studies of personal liability cases to emphasize the importance of indemnification.
- Propose standardized indemnification clauses to HR or legal teams as part of broader employment agreements.
By securing explicit indemnification clauses, CISOs can mitigate the financial and legal risks that come with increasing regulatory scrutiny and accountability.
2. Secure Professional Liability Insurance
While indemnification clauses are crucial, they may not always be sufficient. Organizations could refuse to honor these agreements, or disputes might arise about their scope. Professional liability insurance tailored to CISOs offers an additional safeguard, covering costs that indemnification alone might not address.
The Growing Demand for Specialized Insurance
Traditional Directors and Officers (D&O) insurance often falls short in addressing cybersecurity-specific risks. As a result, insurers have developed policies explicitly designed for CISOs. For example, Crum & Forster’s professional liability insurance product for CISOs provides coverage for regulatory penalties, legal fees, and other expenses related to breaches or compliance failures.
Key Benefits of Professional Liability Insurance
- Coverage for Cybersecurity Risks: Unlike generic policies, tailored insurance addresses incidents like ransomware attacks, data breaches, and non-compliance with industry regulations.
- Peace of Mind: Knowing that a policy covers potential liabilities allows CISOs to focus on their work without constant fear of personal financial ruin.
- Negotiation Leverage: A CISO with independent liability coverage demonstrates proactive risk management, strengthening their position when negotiating with employers or boards.
Real-World Examples
Imagine a healthcare organization facing a ransomware attack that compromises patient data. The CISO, despite implementing robust security measures, is accused of failing to prevent the incident. Their professional liability insurance policy covers the cost of legal defense, reducing the financial and emotional toll of the situation.
How to Secure the Right Policy
- Research Specialized Providers: Seek out insurers with cybersecurity expertise.
- Evaluate Coverage Limits: Ensure the policy covers regulatory fines, legal fees, and settlements.
- Assess Premium Costs: Balance comprehensive coverage with affordability.
- Consult Experts: Work with brokers who understand the unique risks faced by CISOs.
Professional liability insurance provides a critical safety net for cybersecurity leaders, complementing indemnification agreements and ensuring comprehensive protection.
3. Advocate for Corporate Officer Designation
CISOs often find themselves in a precarious position, shouldering significant responsibility without commensurate authority. Advocating for recognition as a corporate officer can address this imbalance, aligning the role’s accountability with appropriate protections and influence.
What Is Corporate Officer Designation?
A corporate officer is a high-ranking executive formally recognized as part of the organization’s leadership. This status typically includes:
- Enhanced authority to make strategic decisions.
- Access to D&O insurance.
- Legal protections similar to those afforded to other C-suite executives.
Benefits of Corporate Officer Status
- Aligned Authority and Responsibility: As corporate officers, CISOs gain the authority to enforce cybersecurity measures, reducing the risk of being held accountable for decisions they couldn’t control.
- Improved Protections: Corporate officers often receive better legal and financial protections, including enhanced severance packages.
- Board-Level Access: This status typically grants CISOs a direct line to the board, improving communication and fostering better alignment on cybersecurity priorities.
Case Study: Successful Advocacy
A CISO at a multinational retailer faced constant pushback from middle management when implementing security measures. After being granted corporate officer status, they gained the authority to directly enforce policies and secure additional funding for cybersecurity initiatives. When a breach occurred, their status as an officer ensured they were part of the decision-making team, protecting them from scapegoating.
Steps to Achieve Corporate Officer Status
- Build a Business Case: Use examples of breaches where inadequate authority hampered effective cybersecurity.
- Engage the Board: Demonstrate how aligning authority with responsibility reduces organizational risk.
- Leverage Industry Trends: Highlight the growing recognition of the CISO’s critical role in enterprise security.
Becoming a corporate officer not only provides CISOs with essential protections but also empowers them to drive meaningful change within their organizations.
4. Demand Comprehensive Exit Clauses
CISOs often operate in high-pressure environments where organizational priorities can shift dramatically. To safeguard against sudden changes in their role or termination, negotiating comprehensive exit clauses is essential. These clauses ensure that CISOs receive fair compensation and legal protection in the event of dismissal, reorganization, or significant shifts in their authority.
The Importance of Exit Clauses
Exit clauses act as a protective buffer, shielding CISOs from undue financial and professional harm when their employment ends. These provisions are particularly critical in cases such as:
- Changes in Reporting Structure: A shift in reporting to a lower-level executive can undermine the CISO’s authority and effectiveness.
- Organizational Restructuring: Mergers, acquisitions, or leadership changes can lead to diminished roles for CISOs, often without warning.
- Dismissal Without Cause: Sudden termination without clear justification can leave CISOs exposed to financial and reputational damage.
Key Elements of a Comprehensive Exit Clause
- Severance Pay: Ensure the contract includes a generous severance package, such as six to 12 months of salary and benefits.
- Trigger Events: Specify conditions under which the clause activates, including changes in reporting structure, authority, or strategic priorities.
- Legal Fee Coverage: Include provisions for covering the costs of independent legal representation, especially in disputes over termination.
- Post-Termination Protections: Extend protections for decisions made during the CISO’s tenure to safeguard against liabilities arising after departure.
Example: Navigating Organizational Changes
Consider a CISO at a tech startup that undergoes an acquisition. Following the merger, the CISO’s role is redefined, reporting to a new mid-level executive with limited understanding of cybersecurity. Feeling marginalized, the CISO invokes their exit clause, which includes six months’ severance and coverage for career transition services. This enables them to exit gracefully and pursue a new role without financial strain.
Challenges in Negotiating Exit Clauses
While exit clauses are crucial, negotiating them can be challenging. Employers may resist such provisions, citing concerns about setting a precedent or inflating costs. CISOs should:
- Highlight Precedents: Use examples of other executives with similar clauses to normalize the request.
- Emphasize the High-Stakes Nature of the Role: Stress the unique risks and liabilities associated with cybersecurity leadership.
- Seek Professional Support: Work with employment lawyers or contract specialists to negotiate favorable terms.
Broader Implications for the Profession
Comprehensive exit clauses not only protect individual CISOs but also elevate the profession by establishing fair standards. As more cybersecurity leaders demand these provisions, organizations may become more mindful of their responsibilities, fostering a healthier work environment for security professionals.
5. Document Risk-Based Decisions
CISOs often face a challenging dynamic: while they are tasked with mitigating cybersecurity risks, many of their recommendations may be overruled or delayed by senior leadership due to budgetary, operational, or strategic concerns. In such cases, documenting risk-based decisions is not just prudent—it’s essential for protecting themselves from potential liability.
This practice creates a clear record of the advice given, the decisions made, and the rationale behind those decisions, safeguarding CISOs in the event of a breach or compliance investigation.
Why Documentation Matters
- Accountability: A well-maintained record demonstrates that the CISO acted in good faith and provided appropriate guidance to the organization.
- Transparency: Documentation shows that decisions were made collaboratively and with awareness of potential risks.
- Legal Protection: In legal disputes, thorough documentation can prove the CISO’s efforts to address risks and highlight instances where their recommendations were ignored.
Example: The Cost of Poor Documentation
In the aftermath of the Uber breach, questions arose about whether the security team adequately communicated the risks. The lack of detailed records made it harder for involved parties to defend their actions, highlighting the importance of a robust documentation process.
Best Practices for Risk-Based Documentation
1. Record Recommendations and Responses
When presenting security recommendations to senior leadership, CISOs should:
- Clearly outline the risks, potential impacts, and suggested mitigations.
- Document leadership’s responses, including any decisions to reject or defer action.
- Use structured formats like formal risk memos or meeting minutes to ensure consistency.
2. Track Escalations
If a recommendation is ignored or overruled, the CISO should escalate the issue through appropriate channels, ensuring that the escalation process is documented. This creates a clear record of the CISO’s diligence and efforts to prioritize cybersecurity.
3. Leverage Technology
Manual documentation can be time-consuming and prone to errors. Tools and platforms designed for compliance management or decision tracking can streamline the process. For example:
- Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC) Software: Automates the documentation of decisions and aligns them with regulatory requirements.
- Incident Response Tools: Log security incidents and track responses in real-time.
- Secure Collaboration Platforms: Store records of emails, chats, and meetings related to cybersecurity decisions.
4. Include Risk Scoring
Assign quantitative risk scores to potential threats and proposed solutions. This helps contextualize the urgency and importance of each recommendation, making it harder for leadership to ignore high-risk issues.
Benefits of a Documented Approach
- Strengthening Leadership Collaboration
Well-documented decisions can foster trust between CISOs and the board or C-suite, demonstrating the CISO’s professionalism and commitment to the organization’s success. - Facilitating Regulatory Compliance
Regulators like the SEC often require evidence of a company’s risk management practices. Comprehensive records help organizations meet these requirements and protect CISOs from scrutiny.
Real-World Example
A CISO at a financial institution advised upgrading the organization’s encryption protocols, warning of potential regulatory fines if compliance standards weren’t met. Leadership deferred the decision due to budget constraints. When a breach occurred, the CISO’s detailed records—including risk assessments and meeting notes—proved that they had fulfilled their responsibilities, protecting them from personal liability.
Challenges in Documentation
- Time and Resource Constraints
CISOs often juggle multiple priorities, making it difficult to allocate time for detailed documentation. Investing in automated tools and processes can help alleviate this burden. - Resistance from Leadership
Some executives may be wary of creating detailed records, fearing they could be used against the organization. CISOs should emphasize that proper documentation is a proactive risk management strategy, not a liability.
Documentation as a Culture
For documentation to be effective, it must be ingrained in the organization’s culture. CISOs can lead this effort by:
- Training Teams: Encourage staff to document decisions and actions consistently.
- Standardizing Processes: Develop templates for risk assessments, incident reports, and escalation memos.
- Collaborating with Legal Teams: Ensure that documentation practices align with legal and regulatory requirements.
Case Study: Preventing Scapegoating Through Documentation
A healthcare company experienced a ransomware attack after delaying a recommended system upgrade. The CISO had maintained detailed records of all recommendations, including cost estimates, timelines, and risk assessments. These records demonstrated that leadership was aware of the risks and made an informed decision to delay action. As a result, the CISO avoided being scapegoated and continued to play a critical role in the organization’s response strategy.
In an era of increasing personal liability for cybersecurity leaders, meticulous documentation is a non-negotiable safeguard. By creating a transparent and detailed record of risk-based decisions, CISOs can protect themselves from undue blame, foster stronger relationships with leadership, and demonstrate their value to the organization.
6. Align with the Board on Risk Appetite
A significant part of a CISO’s role is to bridge the gap between technical security measures and business priorities. One key challenge is ensuring that the cybersecurity strategies align with the organization’s risk appetite, which is a critical aspect of both governance and decision-making. When the CISO and the board of directors are on the same page regarding acceptable levels of risk, it becomes easier to allocate the right resources, make informed decisions, and prevent personal liability from falling on the CISO when things go wrong.
What Is Risk Appetite?
Risk appetite refers to the amount and type of risk an organization is willing to take in pursuit of its objectives. It’s a crucial concept in corporate governance, as it helps organizations balance between opportunity and caution. For CISOs, understanding this tolerance is important because cybersecurity decisions often come with trade-offs between security and other business objectives, such as profitability, speed to market, or customer experience.
In practice, the risk appetite could vary depending on the industry, business goals, regulatory requirements, and the potential financial impact of cybersecurity incidents. For instance, a financial institution may have a lower tolerance for risk due to its regulatory obligations, while a startup might be more willing to take on risks to innovate and grow quickly.
Aligning Cybersecurity with Risk Appetite
To avoid misunderstandings or personal liability, CISOs need to have a clear understanding of the organization’s risk appetite and integrate it into their security strategies. The process involves two key steps:
- Understanding the Board’s Expectations: The board of directors plays a central role in defining the organization’s risk appetite. It’s important for CISOs to proactively engage with board members to understand their views on cybersecurity risk. The conversations should focus on:
- Strategic Goals and Objectives: What are the company’s growth targets, and how do they affect the risk tolerance? For example, does the company plan to expand into a new market where cybersecurity threats are higher?
- Regulatory and Legal Compliance Requirements: Does the company face stringent regulations that require a conservative approach to cybersecurity?
- Stakeholder Interests: What level of risk is acceptable to customers, investors, and other key stakeholders?
- Communicating the Security Landscape: Once the CISO understands the company’s risk appetite, it’s essential to communicate the state of cybersecurity threats and their potential impact clearly. This often involves presenting security risks in terms of business outcomes, such as:
- The likelihood of a data breach occurring, based on current controls.
- The potential financial impact of a breach, including regulatory fines, loss of customer trust, or operational disruptions.
- The resources required to mitigate these risks and how these efforts align with business objectives.
The Importance of Board Collaboration
CISOs must understand that cybersecurity is not an isolated responsibility—it is a shared concern that involves coordination between the CISO, the board, senior leadership, and other business units. As a result, aligning with the board on risk appetite can bring numerous benefits:
- Better Resource Allocation: When CISOs understand the organization’s risk appetite, they can better allocate resources to where they matter most. For example, if the company is risk-averse, the CISO may prioritize investments in security monitoring and incident response. On the other hand, if the organization is open to taking calculated risks, resources can be directed toward innovative solutions with higher rewards, such as AI-based security tools.
- Clearer Decision-Making: Having a shared understanding of risk appetite allows the CISO to make decisions that are in line with organizational goals. If the risk appetite is clearly communicated and understood, the CISO can be more confident when making security-related decisions and advising the board.
- Increased Trust Between CISO and Board: When CISOs take the time to align their strategies with the board’s expectations, it fosters trust and credibility. This is crucial for a CISO’s career and can protect them from personal liability, as the board will understand the decisions made in context. Transparent discussions about risks and resource constraints ensure the CISO is not scapegoated for issues outside their control.
Practical Steps for Aligning with the Board
- Set Up Regular Risk Review Meetings: Hold quarterly or bi-annual meetings with the board to review the risk landscape, cybersecurity strategies, and alignment with business goals. These meetings should focus on the organization’s current risk posture and ensure any gaps are addressed early.
- Present Security Risks in Business Terms: Avoid overwhelming the board with technical jargon. Instead, present cybersecurity risks in a language that aligns with business objectives. For example, “Investing in a more robust firewall system will reduce our chances of a breach by 20%, which could save the company $5 million in potential fines and customer churn.” This approach makes the risks more tangible and relatable to non-technical executives.
- Create a Cybersecurity Roadmap: Develop a roadmap that shows how cybersecurity initiatives align with business objectives. This should cover everything from risk mitigation strategies to long-term technological investments, and it should be adaptable based on shifting priorities. Having a roadmap ensures that the CISO and the board stay aligned on the bigger picture.
- Ensure a Risk-Minded Culture Across the Organization: Aligning with the board is not just about high-level strategy—it also involves creating a culture where cybersecurity is integral to the company’s operations. The CISO should work with other departments to ensure that cybersecurity is embedded into every decision-making process, from product development to vendor management.
The Consequences of Misalignment
When there is a misalignment between the CISO and the board on risk appetite, it can lead to several adverse outcomes:
- Underfunding of Cybersecurity: If the board’s risk appetite is not clearly communicated, there’s a risk that cybersecurity initiatives will be underfunded, leaving the organization vulnerable to attacks. If a breach occurs under these conditions, the CISO could face liability for not securing sufficient resources.
- Conflicting Priorities: If the CISO and the board aren’t on the same page, priorities may clash, leading to delays in decision-making or strategic missteps. For example, if the board pushes for quick product launches while the CISO advocates for a security overhaul, the company could risk both innovation and cybersecurity integrity.
- Legal and Reputational Risks: A lack of alignment can also create legal exposure. If security measures are deemed inadequate because they didn’t align with the board’s risk appetite, the CISO could face personal liability, especially if the board overrules their recommendations.
Aligning with the board on risk appetite is one of the most powerful tools CISOs can use to protect themselves from personal liability. By proactively understanding and communicating the company’s risk tolerance, CISOs can ensure their cybersecurity strategies are in sync with business goals.
In turn, this alignment fosters stronger relationships with leadership, facilitates better resource allocation, and ensures that both the CISO and the board are prepared to tackle the challenges of a rapidly evolving cybersecurity landscape.
7. Cultivate External Networks and Career Backup Plans
In today’s fast-paced and high-pressure business environment, being a Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) requires more than just technical expertise and strategic vision; it also demands resilience in the face of growing challenges. The increasing risks of personal liability, regulatory scrutiny, and organizational pressures can lead even the most seasoned professionals to consider their long-term career prospects.
For this reason, it is crucial for CISOs to actively cultivate external networks and career backup plans that provide them with alternative career opportunities and support, should they need to pivot or step away from the role.
This strategy is not about anticipating failure or abandoning ship, but about ensuring that the CISO has options and can navigate the complexities of the cybersecurity landscape without being caught unprepared. By establishing robust professional networks, securing career alternatives, and staying informed about emerging opportunities, CISOs can safeguard their future, mitigate the risk of personal liability, and ensure they remain employable, regardless of the twists and turns their role may take.
The Growing Trend of CISOs Transitioning to “Vendorland”
A growing trend in the CISO community is the transition from operational leadership within organizations to roles with cybersecurity vendors, consultancies, or advisory firms. Often referred to as moving into “vendorland,” this shift reflects a broader movement where CISOs, once frustrated by the constant pressure and responsibility for cybersecurity outcomes, find more stability, higher compensation, and reduced personal liability in vendor or consultancy roles.
Vendorland offers opportunities for CISOs to leverage their skills and expertise without bearing the full brunt of accountability. Rather than dealing with the direct pressure of securing a company’s infrastructure and protecting against cyberattacks, CISOs in these roles focus on advising organizations on cybersecurity best practices, helping to develop new security products, or representing their company in thought leadership. These roles allow CISOs to use their deep industry knowledge while mitigating some of the personal risks associated with executive positions in companies.
Example: A CISO who previously worked for a large financial institution could move to a cybersecurity consulting firm or a vendor specializing in threat intelligence tools. In this role, they would help advise financial institutions on their cybersecurity posture without directly bearing the responsibility for a breach or security failure within the firm itself. With the right network and reputation, these roles can be just as lucrative, if not more so, than the CISO role in a traditional organization.
Building and Nurturing External Networks
A CISO’s professional network is a critical asset for both career growth and personal security. By cultivating strong relationships with peers, other industry leaders, and even competitors, CISOs can gain valuable insights, share best practices, and develop support systems that can help them navigate the complexities of the role.
- Industry Groups and Peer Networks: Industry groups and peer networks are vital for building relationships with other security professionals who face similar challenges. These communities provide a space to exchange ideas, learn about new trends, and discuss strategies for dealing with common pain points such as personal liability.
Example: Joining groups like ISACA (Information Systems Audit and Control Association), (ISC)², or the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency’s (CISA) CISO Coalition can provide opportunities to connect with other professionals in the field. These groups offer support, guidance, and advocacy for CISOs, ensuring they stay connected with the broader cybersecurity landscape. - Conferences and Events: Participating in cybersecurity conferences, summits, and industry events can help CISOs stay updated on the latest trends, tools, and regulatory changes while also fostering new professional relationships. Networking at these events can open doors to career opportunities, including vendor partnerships or consultancy roles.
Example: Attending events like the RSA Conference, Black Hat, or Gartner Security & Risk Management Summit can expose CISOs to the latest developments in cybersecurity while allowing them to meet industry peers, potential collaborators, and recruiters. These connections can be invaluable should a CISO decide to transition to a new role or seek advice on mitigating liability risks. - Social Media and Thought Leadership: In today’s digital-first age, establishing a strong online presence through platforms like LinkedIn, Twitter, and even industry-specific blogs can significantly expand a CISO’s network. Sharing insights, thought leadership articles, and commentary on emerging trends not only boosts a CISO’s professional reputation but also opens the door to new career opportunities. Being visible as a thought leader makes it easier for other organizations or vendors to reach out with offers for consulting, speaking engagements, or even executive-level roles.
Example: A CISO who actively participates in LinkedIn discussions about data privacy regulations, cybersecurity frameworks, or recent security breaches can attract attention from headhunters, cybersecurity firms, or companies looking for executive leadership. This visibility positions them as an expert in the field, making them more marketable when it comes time to pivot in their career.
Securing Career Alternatives: Creating a Backup Plan
While CISOs are incredibly valuable to their organizations, they should be aware of the possibility that the role may become untenable due to organizational politics, personal liability concerns, or changes in the cybersecurity landscape. Establishing a backup plan early in their career can provide them with the peace of mind needed to perform their duties without constantly fearing the worst-case scenario.
- Consultancy and Advisory Roles: Consultancy is an ideal option for experienced CISOs who want to continue using their expertise without the day-to-day stress of running an organization’s cybersecurity efforts. Consultants can provide strategic guidance, risk assessments, and vulnerability assessments for various clients. Advisory roles in cybersecurity firms or think tanks also allow CISOs to stay involved with cutting-edge developments while staying insulated from the risks associated with executive decision-making.
Example: After serving as the CISO of a major healthcare organization, a professional might transition to a role as a cybersecurity advisor to a series of small- and medium-sized businesses (SMBs). These advisory positions allow the CISO to offer expert advice on security practices without bearing personal liability for any breaches that may occur. - Vendor Partnerships: Building relationships with cybersecurity vendors can also serve as a contingency plan. Many vendors value the insights that experienced CISOs bring to product development, marketing, or sales. In some cases, CISOs can become key figures in a company’s cybersecurity offering, advising on product strategy or helping vendors understand real-world customer needs. This move can be especially attractive for CISOs looking for new opportunities without stepping too far out of the cybersecurity space.
Example: A CISO from a tech company may partner with a cybersecurity software provider as a strategic advisor or take on an executive role within the company. This partnership could involve developing new tools or solutions tailored to meet the security needs of companies in the same industry, offering a lucrative alternative to an in-house CISO position. - Start Your Own Firm: For CISOs who prefer to remain hands-on with cybersecurity, starting a consultancy or a managed security services provider (MSSP) firm can be a rewarding alternative. This approach allows them to apply their expertise while creating a business model that mitigates personal liability risks.
Example: A CISO with a wealth of experience in financial security might start their own cybersecurity consulting firm specializing in risk management for banks. This new venture allows the CISO to control their workload, client relationships, and overall business strategy without the direct pressures of being a corporate officer.
The Power of Preparation
In an era where the stakes are high and the pressures on CISOs continue to grow, cultivating a strong external network and preparing a backup career plan are essential strategies to safeguard against personal liability and career stagnation.
By building relationships within the industry, staying visible as a thought leader, and exploring alternative career avenues, CISOs can ensure that they remain adaptable, resilient, and in control of their professional future. Whether they decide to stay in the role or transition into a new opportunity, a well-prepared CISO is a valuable asset—both to their organization and to their own career longevity.
Conclusion
Surprisingly, the most important move for CISOs in safeguarding their careers is not to focus solely on their technical expertise, but to actively protect themselves from the growing risks of personal liability. The ever-evolving cybersecurity landscape, combined with rising legal and organizational pressures, has made it crucial for security leaders to take proactive steps to mitigate potential fallout from attacks or breaches.
CISOs can no longer afford to remain passive in the face of responsibility without authority; instead, they must take control over their professional safety by negotiating clear indemnifications, securing specialized insurance, and aligning themselves with trusted networks. These steps not only safeguard their careers but also ensure that organizations can benefit from secure, informed leadership.
Organizations, too, have a critical role to play in supporting their CISOs, moving beyond superficial support to actively providing the resources, authority, and protections needed for success. However, as CISOs work to fortify their roles, it is essential to recognize the pressing need for a more substantial cultural shift within corporate boards—one that better aligns resources with security goals.
By securing explicit contractual protections, advocating for robust insurance policies, and ensuring that the board shares their risk appetite, CISOs can more confidently lead their organizations through an increasingly complex cyber threat landscape.
To move forward, CISOs should prioritize developing strong external networks and career contingency plans to hedge against unexpected changes. Similarly, organizations should take the next step by truly empowering their CISOs with decision-making authority, while addressing the significant gaps in resources and legal safeguards that have led to rising dissatisfaction in the role. Together, these efforts will redefine what it means to lead cybersecurity at the highest levels—where both responsibility and protection are shared.